Grain Trade.
Contracts. Disputes.

English law can recognise a breach before the performance date. But if you treat commercial noise as a clear refusal and stop your own performance too early, the default may become yours.

Seven questions to ask before signing a grain contract: goods, quality, weight, timing, standard forms, laytime, documents and arbitration.

In GAFTA trade, a washout is not a unilateral cancellation of the contract. It is a separate agreement to close the position by monetary settlement.

Could Turkey close wheat imports in summer 2026 — and why such a move does not become automatic force majeure for the buyer under English law and the GAFTA form.

DON, aflatoxin, ochratoxin - three common reasons for cargo rejection at Alexandria, Bandar Abbas and Istanbul. What the contract says, what GAFTA 124 says, and where the money is usually lost.

WhatsApp, Telegram and emoji can have contractual effect when the context shows agreement. Courts look at substance, not at whether the channel feels informal.

Demurrage runs against the charterer; dispatch runs against the shipowner. Same clock, opposite directions - and the calculation lives in the charter party, not in market convention.

Three abbreviations in a charter party that decide who owes whom. SHEX, FHEX, and WWD are the calculator that converts time at port into money - and ignoring them is how demurrage bills become surprises.